How to Conjugate Traverser (to Cross) in French

Step by step instructions to Conjugate Traverser (to Cross) in French The French verbâ traverserâ means to cross, as in to navigate something. That makes it somewhat simpler to recall, however youll additionally need to realize how to conjugate the action word. A short exercise will acquaint you with the essential conjugations so you can utilize it in French to make statements like I crossed or were crossing. The Basic Conjugations of Traverser French understudies who have examined different action words will perceive the conjugation designs utilized for traverser. That is on the grounds that this is a standard - er action word, which means it follows the most widely recognized example found in the French language. In the event that you have contemplated words like penser (to think) or watchman (to convey), the infinitive endings utilized here will look recognizable. The most widely recognized conjugations are the basic state of mind for the present, future, and flawed past tenses. Utilizing the diagram, find the right conjugation by coordinating the subject pronoun with the suitable tense for the subject. This will reveal to you which consummation is added to the action word stem ofâ travers-. For instance, I am crossing isâ je traverseâ and we crossed isâ nous traversions Present Future Defective je navigate traverserai traversais tu navigates traverseras traversais il navigate traversera traversait nous traversons traverserons traversions vous traversez traverserez traversiez ils traversent traverseront traversaient The Present Participle of Traverser Adding a - insect closure of the stem of traverser gives you the current participle of traversant. Traverserâ in the Compound Past Tense Theâ passã © compos㠩â is a compound past tense that is regularly utilized in French and you may think that its simpler than the blemished. That is on the grounds that you just need to conjugate theâ auxiliary verbâ avoirâ into the current state to coordinate the subject, at that point join theâ past participleâ traversã ©. The development is fairly simple. For instance, I crossed isâ jai travers㠩â and we crossed isâ nous avons traversã ©. Indeed, even thoughâ avoirâ is in the current state, the past participle assumes control over the activity of clarifying that the move has just made spot. Progressively Simple Conjugations of Traverser There are various different conjugations ofâ traverserâ and each has an alternate reason, yet were going to stay with the fundamentals for this exercise. As you grow your jargon, you should suggest that the activity of intersection could possibly occur. All things considered, youll utilize the subjunctive. Assuming, nonetheless, the intersection wont happen except if something different does, you can utilize the conditional.â On uncommon events, you may experience the passã © straightforward or blemished subjunctive. While theyre not fundamental augmentations to your French jargon, they are acceptable to know. Subjunctive Contingent Pass Simple Defective Subjunctive je navigate traverserais traversai traversasse tu navigates traverserais traversas traversasses il navigate traverserait traversa traverst nous traversions traverserions traversmes traversassions vous traversiez traverseriez traverstes traversassiez ils traversent traverseraient traversrent traversassent Lets guess that you have to advise somebody to Cross! in a crisis or some other circumstance that requires a speedy, short order. In these examples, you can go to the imperativeâ form of traverser. When utilizing it, skirt the subject pronoun and just state, Traverse ! Basic (tu) navigate (nous) traversons (vous) traversez

The Subclass Pterygota and Its Subdivisions

The Subclass Pterygota and Its Subdivisions The subclass Pterygota incorporates the majority of the world’s bug species. The name originates from the Greek pteryx, whichâ means â€Å"wings.† Insects in the subclass Pterygota have wings, or had wings once in their transformative history. Creepy crawlies in this subclass are called pterygotes. The fundamental distinguishing highlight of pterygotes is the nearness of veined wings on the mesothoracic (second) and metathoracic (third) sections. These bugs additionally experience transformation, either straightforward or complete. Researchers accept bugs developed the capacity to fly during the Carboniferous time frame, more than 300 million years prior. Creepy crawlies beat vertebrates to the skies by somewhere in the range of 230 million years (pterosaurs developed the capacity to fly around 70 million years back). Some creepy crawly bunches that were once winged have since lost this capacity to fly. Insects, for instance, are firmly identified with flies, and are accepted to slip from winged predecessors. Albeit such creepy crawlies no longer bear utilitarian wings (or any wings whatsoever, now and again), they are as yet assembled in the subclass Pterygota because of their developmental history. The subclass Pterygota is additionally separated into two superorders †the Exopterygota and the Endopterygota. These are depicted underneath. Qualities of the Superorder Exopterygota: Creepy crawlies in this gathering experience a basic or deficient transformation. The existence cycle incorporates only three phases †egg, fairy, and grown-up. During the sprite stage, slow change happens until the fairy looks like the grown-up. Just the grown-up stage has practical wings. Significant Orders in the Superorder Exopterygota: An enormous number of natural creepy crawlies fall inside the superorder Exopterygota. Most bug orders are arranged inside this development, including: Request Ephemeroptera - mayfliesOrder Odonata - dragonflies and damselfliesOrder Orthoptera - crickets, grasshoppers and locustsOrder Phasmida - stick and leaf insectsOrder Grylloblattodea - rock crawlersOrder Mantophasmatodea - gladiatorsOrder Dermaptera - earwigsOrder Plecoptera - stonefliesOrder Embiidina - webspinnersOrder Zoraptera - blessed messenger insectsOrder Isoptera - termitesOrder Mantodea - mantidsOrder Blattodea - cockroachesOrder Hemiptera - genuine bugsOrder Thysanoptera - thripsOrder Psocoptera - barklice and booklice Order Phthiraptera - gnawing and sucking lice Qualities of the Superorder Endopterygota: These creepy crawlies experience a total transformation with four phases †egg, hatchling, pupa, and grown-up. The pupal stage is idle (a rest period). At the point when the grown-up rises up out of the pupal stage, it has utilitarian wings. Requests in the Superorder Endopterygota: Most of the universes bugs experience total transformation, and are remembered for the superorder Endopterygota. The biggest of these nine creepy crawly arranges are: Request Coleoptera - beetlesOrder Neuroptera - nerve-winged insectsOrder Hymenoptera -ants, honey bees, and waspsOrder Trichoptera - caddisfliesOrder Lepidoptera -butterflies and mothsOrder Siphonoptera - fleasOrder Mecoptera - scorpion flies and hangingfliesOrder Strepsiptera - twistedwing parasitesOrder Diptera - genuine flies  Sources: Pterygota. Winged creepy crawlies.  Tree of Life Web Project. 2002. Adaptation 01 January 2002 David R. Madden. Accessed online September 8, 2015.Pterygota, pterygote. Bugguide.net. Gotten to online September 8, 2015.A Dictionary of Entomology,â edited by Gordon Gordh, David Headric.Borror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, seventh version, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. Johnson.Subclass pterygota, by John R. Meyer, Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University. Gotten to online September 8, 2015.

Globalized Society Erases Borders Between People Essay

Globalized Society Erases Borders Between People - Essay Example From this paper plainly Western religion is generally Christian (counting all the admissions) which assumes certain morals and convictions, so western strict conventions are very surprising from the eastern ones. For instance, Chinese unique religion Confucianism can't be even called â€Å"religion† as it would appear that only a specific moral convention dependent on political qualities. Then, Indian-began Buddhism is absolutely supernatural and mostly legendary religion that likewise doesn’t have such conventional god as westerners comprehend the idea of god. However, as should be obvious, these days we are a long way from that occasions when diverse strict perspectives affected people’s correspondence. Also, we even utilize each other’s rehearses in regular daily existence; for example, such eastern strict practice like yoga has gotten generally famous among westerners up until this point, as it is very pertinent even independently from the religion it has a place with. This paper features that as we live on the planet with no fringes we often collaborate with numerous societies. Meeting them, we can regularly feel like we are being misjudged at the absolute starting point. In any case, it is the matter of time. Just in short notification it turns out to be simple for us to see each other like on the off chance that we were from a similar culture, on the grounds that in actuality our basic presumptions about the world don’t assume significant job in our correspondence. This is clearly the consequence of globalization of society, as we don’t even notification that with accessibility of data overall our societies are gradually blending and coordinating with one another. Another explanation is worldwide relocation of individuals from various societies to different spots to live, in light of the fact that they bring their societies and frequently disperse data about them inside the new condition. Both eastern and western individuals learn at similar colleges and get familiar with the equivalent things.â

Psychology Department of Indiana University

Raised with a good old nature, Skinner was an observed American analyst. He was destined to a family wherein he has a legal counselor for a dad and a fairly shrewd and solid willed mother. He was conceived on the twentieth of March in the year 1904. He was a functioning kid who cherished school a great deal. One of his inclinations was to fabricate things outside. Be that as it may, there were discouraging cases in his adolescence also. One of these occurrences included the demise of his sibling at 16 years old. B. F. Skinner was conceived in Pennsylvania, Susquehana.He was raised to be an American, however sources state he has a hint of English in his familial line. He concentrated in New York at the Hamilton College, and achieved his degree in English. He took an interest in a great deal of extra curricular exercises in school. Yet, what could be recollected about him in that scholarly instituion is to have been required to go to chapel consistently as an Atheist. One he had always wanted was to turn into a decent essayist, and he attempted to accomplish that by sending duplicates of his accounts and verse. He attempted to concentrate on building his art, yet at long last, he at last understood that composing would no be the vocation for him.With this at the top of the priority list, he rather delayed with his composing way of life and took his lords and doctorate degrees on pschology in Harvard. He drove the Psychology Department of Indiana University as the director in the year 1945. He was welcome to be at Harvard, where he remained until he passed. He accomplished a great deal of research and application about his speculations and studiies. Be that as it may, one remained exceptionally noteworthy. At the point when he neglected to turn into the author he trusted himself to be, he turned into the researcher that will always be associated with his commitments to the general public and to the acedeme.He was considered as the most praised clinician, after Fre ud. He stays to be recollected to today since his passing was not yet that quite a while in the past. All things considered, the effect he had on the nation was very much recalled and creditted for. A portion of his huge sttudies was on the hypothesis of Operant Condition. As the premise of the speculations that followed this one, his hypothesis was the fate of the most critical hypotheses. This hypothesis includes how individuals are only ricocheting in their own reality, doing what it was doing when he was seen.He likewise called this working because of the nature that it includes response, realized a specific upgrade. In different terms, an individual does a certain something and encounters results. Whenever he encounters a comparable upgrade, he would attempt to dodge the outcomes that follows itâ€either by dismissing the chance or changing certain components. This hypothesis started the line of different speculations built up under his name and study. By this, he was put on the map. Many individuals got inquisitive about his disclosures, and these thus, were shared to a ton of different people.His information is maybe his most noteworthy resource, without it, he would not have had the option to build up himself in the way that his hypotheses are all around taken in scholastic organizations. His life was not just acquainted with a wide exhibit of conceivable outcomes when he started to examine brain science, however he had the option to set up his imprint throughout the entire existence of man. He started by longing for turning into an author. In any case, at long last, he got himself into brain research, and found this would be a lot of ideal. Reference Boeree, C. G. (2006). B. F. Skinner. Recovered April 11, 2008 from http://webspace. transport. edu/cgboer/skinner. html.

First-Year Odyssey - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

First-Year Odyssey - UGA Undergraduate Admissions First-Year Odyssey I am happy to announce the newest program on campus for all First-Year students starting in Fall of 2011 (and beyond), the First-Year Odyssey program! This seminar program is designed for all new freshmen, and is geared towards connecting freshmen with faculty members in a small group environment (estimated class size is 15-18 students). The First-Year Odyssey program website just opened up, and you can now search from among the wide (and wild) variety of courses available. Every freshman starting in Fall 2011 is required to take a First-Year Odyssey course by the end of their first year at UGA, so you will want to start reviewing the options and make a list of the ones that interest you. You might even have a class with the Provost, the President, or the Dean of a college. This is an amazing new opportunity, and I am excited about this program. Here are a few examples of the 300+ FYO courses offered: The CIA in War and Peace Prediction: The Science of What Comes Next Books That Changed the World Chocolate Science Nature versus Nurture: The Role of Genetics in Your Life Comics in Context And Theyre Off: A History of Horse Racing Telling on Retail AA for Uncle Sams Oil Addiction Chickenology: Everything You Need to Know about Chickens Bollywood: Film, Narrative and Culture Please remember that this is a brand new program at UGA, and the website just opened up, so please be patient if there are a few things that need to be altered or corrected over the first few days.

Declaration of Independence And Constitution Issues - Free Essay Example

  The Declaration of Independence established the core principles of our Nation, the United States of America. Our Constitution with the Amendments provides a rule of laws for an actual government to accomplish those principles. TheBill of Rightsprotects the individual rights of American citizens and was adopted as a single unit on December 15, 1791. Our basic rights include Freedom of speech Freedom of religion The right to bear arms In US, the right to freedom of speech and expression is strongly protected by the Constitution. The United States Bill of Rights plays a central role in American law and government and remains a fundamental symbol of the freedoms and culture of the nation. One of the original fourteen copies of the U.S. Bill of Rights is on public display at the National Archives in Washington, D.C. Though the law in letter and word does guarantee the right of an individual, there are restrictions placed by the amendments to the bill of rights. The First Amendment provides for freedom of Speech- it is the right of individual Americans to communicate their thoughts of their choosing. Some people quote the freedom to express their views and speech and can end up intentionally or unintentionally hurting a section of society. This poses grave danger to the social balance of our culture and peace. The constitutional amendments do cover a list of categories of speech that are given lesser or no protection at all. Communications with a person in prison, untruths to harm others, use of obscene language to hurt others sentimentetc. are examples of the said categories. These should be punishable by law. The benefits of the freedom of speech would be: Expressing the right of opinion: People can express their thoughts without the fear of getting punished Sharing the responsibility: Freedom of speech comes with responsibility. The one expressing the views should take the responsibility of the views expressed. Developing new ideas: the environment created in voicing out thought and opinions would help the government know what the people wants are. They could gather the data required for new ideas that could help the growth of the country. The disadvantages would be: Hurting others: Not everyone would have the same opinion. Some people often misuse their freedom to hurt others intentionally or unintentionally. E.g.: Political Differences It is a seed to violence: Angry words and disagreement often leads to violence in the heat of the moment. People get hurt and scarred for life. A source of wrong influence: People misuse their freedom of speech by manipulating their words to make them look good. Unfortunately, law does not take unintentional hurt into account so if the law had to rewritten or amended in the bills to right about the freedom of speech, provided that human emotion and context of the speech is taken into consideration. Anger is a strong human emotion and it does cause people to say a lot of things that they do not intend to in the heat of the moment. Thus, the law should consider that a person can err and later regret that fact. It would be up to the courts to decide whether that person does regret using such derogatory words or if he is putting up an act to escape punishment. The first and the fourteenth Amendment protects the freedom of religion. It gives the citizens the rights to worship freely and publicly. The government cannot make any laws regarding an establishment of religion or prohibiting it to exercise the religion. The benefits of this amendment would be that: Ability to find ones own meaning of life without any hindrance or inabilities thereof. Equal opportunity to follow ones spiritual journey if there is an unbiased atmosphere without any religious coloring from the Government. Ensures the survival and flourishing of different and varied religious practices. The disadvantages would be that Overbear others with ones freedom of religion that can tantamount to intruding into others private space. For e.g., Post religious symbols, like the Ten Commandments, in buildings and on lands owned by the government or to promote religious instruction and prayer in public schools. Can lead to discrimination towards other religions. For e.g., Allow businesspeople to refuse service to LGBT groups. Can be used to justify wrong-doing. For e.g., if an individual wants to perform an immoral act, they can simply change their religion to one that might condone their actions. The law could be amended as the freedom of religion if this freedom does not encroach on a third persons personal space or stops where human or animal suffering begins. Americans are not always free to act on their beliefs if its costing the lives of the other. An example being a court ordered medical-care for the gravely ill children whose parents have denied them treatment based on religion. The second amendment to the constitution is the right to bear arms. Originally this amendment was to prevent the federal government from abolishing state militias such as National Guard units, but there is a disagreement whether the amendment give individual the rights to use their weapons outside their military use. The benefits of this amendment are as follows:   Maintaining Law and Order Self-Protection Creating a sense of security and safety knowing that there is a weapon that could be used if under attack from criminals. The disadvantages of this amendment would be as follows:   Misuse of Firearms by the Anti-social elements Possibility of Arms coming in possession of children, or ones who are ignorant. The Courts did not list all the allowable restrictions, leaving the issue to be decided in the future cases or the government could rewrite the Amendment stating that   A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms shall not be infringed as long as the custody of the same is contingent to mature use and suitable certification thereof. In a time earlier when there was scarcity of humans available to police and join in the sheriffs department, then there might have been the case for allowing common people to keep and use arms. However, with growth in population and enough policing forces, the need for common man to keep and use arms has come down significantly. References: https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd//United_States_Bill_of_Rights.html https://www.constitutionfacts.com/us-constitution-amendments/bill-of-rights/ We the People: An Introduction to American Government 12 th Edition

The Exemplary Hope, Obedience and Care of Paul and Timothy...

INTRODUCTION Paul’s letter to the church at Philippi is very tame when compared to those he wrote to other churches, such as those at Galatia and Corinth (292). This proves to be the case in Philippians 2:19-24. In these six verses Paul is intending to communicate two main points: (1) He believes that Timothy is a respectable teacher of God’s word, and he wants the Philippian congregation to recognize this (Phil 2:22); (2) Paul intends for Timothy’s visit to be encouraging to the Philippian brethren, and for their encouragement to be reciprocated in himself. In writing this section of verses, Paul also communicates another message through implication. Paul is sending Timothy to the church in Philippi because he is unable to go†¦show more content†¦Although Paul’s tone is indicative that he foresees a likelihood of death in his near future, his use of jElpivzw adds dissonance to this idea. Marvin Vincent believes that Paul is not claiming freedom from a dea th sentence. Rather, he is demonstrating his desire to live, and then framing that desire within the context of his submission to Christ’s will (73). On the other hand, Gordon Clark affirms that Paul is counting on living longer, and that his mention of sacrifice in verse 17 was purely metaphorical. Paul uses a a†pax legovmenon, ÃŽ µÃ¡ ½ ÃË†Ãâ€¦Ãâ€¡Ã¡ ¿ ¶, which has no equitable English translation, carries the idea of â€Å"taking to heart† or â€Å"sincerely internalizing† something (78). Paul is communicating the important nature of the mission that Timothy is undertaking. In the final portion of this pericope, Paul reveals that he is waiting on a change, or a sign, before he sends Timothy. However, in verse 19 he uses the adjective tacevwV. This indicates the depth and genuine nature of the trust Paul had in Jesus. Paul relies [ejn] Jesus to deliver him, as he hopes in him. Not only does Paul hope to send him after his current situation is cleared up (verse 24), but he hopes to send him soon. Paul clearly demonstrates his faith by his actions and reliance upon the power of prayer, and the power of Jesus [God] to deliver those who trust and hope in him. This [tacevwV] is

Research On Social Justice Theme - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 571 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Racial Discrimination Essay Did you like this example? Most   of   the complaints have   different applications of the death penalty, police brutality, racial profiling, sentencing disparity, and different   treatment of minorities by the Criminal   justice system. Everything that happens in court is suppose to be lawful and took into consideration, that your life could be on the line and how many years being spent could affect you and the people around you. The color of someone skin shouldnt be a reason to put them in jail but the supreme court should be a reason to send a person to jail if their in a wrong of doing illegal activities. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Research On Social Justice Theme" essay for you Create order The United States is very corrupted in my opinion and also other countries as well is manipulated by judges and their opinions of what they think people stand before them deserve in terms of how many years they could be serving if the judge doesnt come to a conclusion in which could be the right way of sending them to prison. Despite the fact that whites engage in drug offenses at a higher rate than blacks do, blacks are incarcerated for drug offenses at a rate that is 10 times greater than that of whites. If you notice how when the same person commit same crime with different color is judged differently than the person that committed the same exact crime.The criminal justice system is largely incapable of preventing crime is that law enforcement, courts, and corrections are institutions; they respond to crimes already committed rather than addressing the root causes of criminal behavior before they get into crime. This is not a long period of the efforts of law enforcement or corrections officers that works in prison. The criminal justice system simply does not have the resources, and people with support or the abilities   to deal with most   of criminal behavior. Over the past several years, the use of race by law enforcement,   in their policing skills has received a big amount of   attention across the country. The difference in talking about racial profiling has always been on police departments practices examining whether police have targeted drivers based on their race o r ethnicity. A lot of sources that evidence has suggested that some departments may be treating drivers of some races or ethnicities differently than white drivers. Using different definitions have made   the debate over racial profiling a little bit known. A small percentage among these means that people are often discussing different types of police practices, and behavior. The fact remains that racial profiling began long ago before their powerful authorities seen on highways and city streets alike where minorities are stopped. This country has a history of profiling minorities, from the inhuman enslavement of millions of Africans during the period   of slavery, to the unlawful imprisonment and minorities around the country have consistently been the targets of racial profiling. The problem is far deeper than just black and white; its roots lie at the economic, social, and political disparities that African Americans enjoy over minorities in this country. These differences are a result of a system based on class status and, two attributes enjoyed far more widely by the mainstream population than minorities. For centuries race relations between people of color and white people in the United States have been strained. From slavery, to Reconstruction, to post Reconstruction to Jim Crow, privileges for white people and discrimination against people of color have been the rule, not the exception.

Introduction. In Their 1995 Book Tinkering Toward Utopia

Introduction In their 1995 book Tinkering Toward Utopia: A Century of Public School Reform, Tyack and Cuban explained that the idea of a â€Å"retarded† student began in the mid-nineteenth century. Such students were originally defined as those who were slow learners and unable to promote to the next age-appropriate grade alongside their peers. The concept of different children developing at different rates led to the formation of the IQ test. The categorization of students by their level of intelligence followed suit. By the early twentieth century, special schools were developed for retarded children to provide them with opportunities for intellectual growth equal to those of their peers. As the twentieth century wore on and racial†¦show more content†¦It revised, expanded, and consolidated the criteria for dozens of disorders. It replaced the term â€Å"mental retardation† with â€Å"intellectual disability† and provided diagnostic criteria and proced ural guidelines for dozens of such disorders. The definition it gives for intellectual disability is as follows: Intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder) is a disorder with onset during the developmental period that includes both intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual, social, and practical domains. The following three criteria must be met: A. Deficits in intellectual functions†¦confirmed by both clinical assessment and individualized, standardized intelligence testing. B. Deficits in adaptive functioning that result in failure to meet developmental and socio-cultural standards for personal independence and social responsibility. Without ongoing support, the adaptive deficits limit functioning in one or more activities of daily life†¦across multiple environments, such as home, school, work, and community. C. Onset of intellectual and adaptive deficits during the developmental period. (p.33) In the context of education, the criteria for some intellectual disabilities, such as autism, vary from state to state. Federal guidelines do not require states to use the DSM-V to identify these disorders. Furthermore, understanding of the processes of identifying and coding intellectual disability is lackingShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages. Organization Theory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work

Analysis Of Chronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Marquez

In Chronicle of a Death Foretold, Gabriel Marquez employs the motif of flowers within the novel to illustrate the role of women within a Latin American society; the cultural and symbolic implications of this associate flowers with purity, victimization, gender barriers, and deceit. In doing so, Marquez creates a microcosm of Latin America, exposing the core of Columbian culture and society with all its aspects such as ethnicity, and social norms and conventions that led to a series of insecurities and poverty in the community, and its affect on the role of women. The cultural context of this novel must first be considered before examining the symbolic importance of flowers. I. Purity In Latin America, where this novel is based, the flowers represent the purity of women; therefore, Marquez utilizes the symbol of flowers or flower buds to represent virginity. The female figures are mainly associated with this notion of purity; however, it is paralleled by the machismo concept of honor. In Colombian culture, honor is perceived as the fundamental moral trait that plays an essential role in keeping society bound to a strict moral pathway. This is paralleled by women’s social constraint of preserving their virginity; being ‘pure’ plays a crucial role in protecting a woman’s sense of virtue and dignity before she is married. For both genders, an individual without honor or without purity is considered an outcast in a Latin American community, as exemplified later in the novel byShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Chronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1567 Words   |  7 Pagesperception of status has vanished and been interchanged by wealth, it is still an essential concept that differentiates one s superior qualities and character in society. This notion of honor is greatly portrayed in the novel Chronicle of a Death Foretold, by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, when Angelica’s brothers kill Santiago Nasar for taking her value as a woman. However, the nature of mystery in the novel also leaves many questions about Santiago s actual guilt in taking Angelica s virginity. As a resultRead MoreWhere Does Ultimate Responsibility Lie for the Death of Santiago Nasar, in Chronicle of a Death Foretold?1733 Words   |  7 PagesWhere Does Ultimate Responsibility lie for the death of Santiago Nasar, in Chr onicle of a Death Foretold? â€Å"On the day they were going to kill him†[1], is the opening to Chronicle of a Death Foretold, by Gabriel Marquez, is a novella written in the form of a pseudo-journalistic reconstruction;, in which the reader is told about the ‘murder death’ from the first line. Here comes the importance of the theme of responsibility; we, along with the narrator, work backwards to unravel the reasonsRead MoreMaria Alejandrina Cervantes in Chronicle of a Death Foretold1239 Words   |  5 PagesMaria Alejandrina Cervantes—Commentary—Chronicle of a Death Foretold â€Å"I dreamed that a woman was coming into the room with a little girl in her arms, and that the child was chewing without stopping to take a breath, and that half-chewed kernels of corn were falling into the woman’s brassiere. The woman said to me: ‘She crunches like a nutty nuthatch, kind of sloppy, kind of slurpy.’ Suddenly I felt the anxious fingers that were undoing the buttons of my shirt, and I caught the dangerous smellRead MoreAnalysis of Cultural Flaw in Chronicle of a Death Foretold1485 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Cultural Flaw in Chronicle of a Death Foretold Humanity has built grand and wondrous cultures and societies, for the better of mankind people have devoted themselves to a functional structured society. But have these creations become merely fabrications that hinder one’s true beliefs? Throughout the novel Chronicle of a Death Foretold, author Gabriel Garcia Marquez gives insight into Colombian society. As the story of a murder unravels Marquez projects the themes of honor and fateRead MoreChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Garcia Marquez1134 Words   |  5 Pagesthrough Setting in Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez’s Chronicle of a Death Foretold Question: How far does setting serve to reinforce or emphasize meanings or themes within Chronicle of a Death Foretold? Work Used: Chronicle of a Death Foretold by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez In Chronicle of a Death Foretold by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez, the setting plays a potent role in showing a certain theme. Especially what happens in a certain setting plays a dominant part in developing a theme. Mà ¡rquez is best known for his use of magicalRead MoreChronicle of a Death Foretold Reflective1503 Words   |  7 PagesChronicle of a Death Foretold: Cultural Analysis In America, there is a judicial system that helps justice prevail, to punish criminals, and let the innocent walk. The judicial system allows for there to be a trial where evidence is presented. Through the evidence presented, the jury then decides if the person on trial is innocent or guilty. Never in any trial, in any courthouse, under any judge would it be allowed for a murder to be justified so that one could restore a relative’s honor. HoweverRead MoreChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1492 Words   |  6 PagesHowever often this may happen, Latin Americans are indeed American. Dealing with this identity crisis, many turned to writing as an outlet. Gabriel Garcia Marquez is a successful author that utilizes this form of expression.Writing Chronicle of a Death Foretold, a story surrounding the true life of a Latin American at an earlier time in history. This enabled Marquez to extract his personal interpretation of America and exaggerate it in such a way that it is unique and believable in comparison to that

Results and Discussion Example Free Essays

Results In this experiment we used paper chromatography to determine the amount of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, xanthophyll, and beta-carotene in a tube of blended leaf extract. We recorded our findings on the table labeled table 1. Table 1 shows the transmittance at each wavelength on a table from 400 to 720. We will write a custom essay sample on Results and Discussion Example or any similar topic only for you Order Now The information on Figure 1 came from the leaf extract on the paper chromatography that we used; with the help of acetone we saw the spectrum and the differences of the different pigments. Percentage transmittance in Table 1 show that the lower the number, the more dense that solution is at that specific wavelength. As the numbers get higher, the less dense it is and if the number is 100 at a specific wavelength then the solution was clear. As we can see from Table 1, each of the pigments had different low transmittance based on how high the absorption was in each of the pigments. For this we calculated that at there was a peak on the graph at the lowest points in table 1. For instance, in the chlorophyll a column in Table 1 the lowest points on the graphs at 8 and 28 and also at 44, which shows that there will be a peak around those points. In chlorophyll b, the lowest points are from 25. 2, 12. 4, and 9. 4, which would be the first peak and the next will be at 55. 6. In Xanthophyll, the points were the first peak will be are 52. 4, 43. 6, 44. 8, and 53. 0. Lastly in Carotene, the graph will peak at 92. 2, 93. 6, and 92. 4. By using these points we predicted the behavior of the graph. TABLE 1| | | Wavelength| Chlorophyll a| Chlorophyll b| Xanthophyll| Carotene| 400| 12| 42| 61. 8| 96. 8| 420| 8| 25. 2| 52. 4| 99. 6| 440| 28| 12. 4| 43. 6| 92. 2| 460| 71. 5| 9. 4| 44. 8| 93. 6| 480| 81| 48. 4| 53| 92. 4| 500| 88| 88. 6| 83. 2| 99. 2| 520| 88| 91. 4| 94. 2| 100| 540| 84. 5| 87. 4| 95. 6| 100| 560| 83| 85. 2| 96. 4| 99. 2| 580| 71. 5| 83. 4| 96. 2| 100| 600| 72. 5| 76. 8| 96| 100| 620| 61. 5| 78. 2| 94. 4| 100| 640| 61. 5| 59. 6| 94. 6| 100| 660| 44| 55. 6| 93. 2| 100| 680| 48. 8| 67. 8| 92. 6| 99. 8| 700| 64. 6| 60| 91. 4| 92. 8| 720| 50. 6| 52. 4| 89| -| On the graph labeled Figure 1, it shows the absorbance of each of the pigments that are shown in Table 1. The difference between Table 1 and Figure 1 is that where table 1 shows the transmittance points of each wavelength of each pigment, Figure 1 shows the absorption peaks of each of the wavelengths. For chlorophyll a, the highest peaks are at 420, but then the graph plummets at around 450 and has another peak between 650 and 700. For chlorophyll b, the highest peaks of absorbance are between 450 and 500 then it makes a big plummet around 500 and has another peak between 640 and 660. For Xanthophyll, the only peak is between 420 and 480, then the graph as minimal movement from there and stays in the 90 range never hitting 100. Lastly, beta-carotene has small peaks at 440 and 460 and then the graph stays almost stagnant at 100. Discussion The purpose of this experiment was to find out why the leaves on a tree changed color in the fall. We predicted that the molecules in the leaves of the tree attributed to the change. We found out that the molecules: Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, Xanthophyll, and Beta-carotene are the main molecules that reside in a leaf. We also stated that the tree absorbs the elements found in some of these molecules so that they can be used in the spring, when the trees are green once more. This prediction came from when we studied the molecular composition of each of the molecules and correlated the results the experiment and the specific elements that the tree would have needed for another year. The results of this experiment show that at there is less chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in the composition of the leaves that were used. This meant that when the season is changing, the molecules in these structures start to be absorbed back into the tree. This conclusion came from the fact that in table 1 from 420 and 440 Nano meters there was a low transmittance rate of these two molecules, which means that the absorbance rate was high. During the fall season there is not enough sunlight for the trees to perform photosynthesis to make their own food, what a plant needs to survive would be the Magnesium and Nitrogen that are found in the molecular structures of chlorophyll a and b. Therefore they absorb all of these nutrients that the tree needs to survive so that they can make it thorough the winter. Errors could have been made with this experiment. Some of them include that the individuals in different groups did not have the same control as the others. We did not measure the same amount of acetone in each vial nor did we measure how much of the leaf extraction each person used. Another source of error would be how the spectrometer was used, if it was reset the same at each wavelength each time. Compared to previous experiments the information that was collected in this one was accurate. The peaks for each pigment were roughly around the same wavelength. The standard for chlorophyll a was peaks at 430 and 662, chlorophyll b peaks at 453 and 642, xanthophyll a range from 450 to 550 and for the beta-carotene peaks at a range from 450 to 550. Our results were roughly around the same as you can see from Table 1. The end result of the experiment was successful, because of the results that we produced were similar to the results of previous experiments. How to cite Results and Discussion Example, Essay examples

Weakness of State Responsibility Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Weakness of State Responsibility. Answer: Introduction The present question is based on the weak points that are found in case of state responsibility. Therefore, it can be said that the ultimate purpose of the report is to point out the international legal relationship and the various aspect of state responsibility. Before cominginto the point, it is important to understand the various scope and applicability of the principal regarding state responsibility[1]. The meaning of state responsibility can be depicted as follows: Under the international law, it has been stated that state should be held responsible for any wrongful act or any breach to the international obligations that are mentioned under the international law. The state responsibility indicates towards the violation of the legal norms set out byinternational law and the consequence of such violation[2]. Under the process of state responsibility types of legal rules are to be understood. The first one is primary rules that are also known as the substances rules and the other one is secondary rules that are comprised of issues of responsibility. An attempt has been made by these rules to establish the actions regarding the international wrongful acts, situations by which the acts of the officials and private individuals are attributed to the state and defences as against the international liability and the consequence of such liability[3]. It is a fact that the terms state responsibility denotes injuries faced by the enemy countries and the re ciprocal injuries suffered to the enemies . This process involves the relationship between the primary and secondary rules of law. The secondary issues can be gained by way of remedies and the primary issues can be understood by way of tackling the diplomatic protection[4]. Discussion The nature of the state responsibility was growing and it was become necessaryto codify the rules regarding the state responsibility and it was one of the most serious concern of the United Nation. After a hard work of 45 years the nature of state responsibility has become codified through International Law Commission. During the purification process of the state responsibility it becomes necessary to understand the nature of the state responsibility[5]. One of the popular and special report of International Law Commission, F.V.GARCIA of Cuba emphasize the chapter on the state responsibility regarding the injury caused by it to its alien enemy. However it has been observed that in the year 1961 when his membership was stopped his ideas and dolphins was denied by international legal Commission[6]. However, the areas of State responsibility are, for the first time, defined by Roberto Ago of Italy. He had emphasized on the distinction between the legal rules that are based on primary an d secondary rules and also made an attempt to define the organisational structure of state responsibility. An attempt to identify the outcomes of the bleachers regarding the international obligation was made by Gaetano Arangio Ruiz. The idea of this rapporteur has been taken into consideration in the year 1995 and the United Nations general assembly have adopted certain decisions regarding the progression of the state responsibility[7]. In the Law Commission report that was drafted in the year 2001, comprised of certain articles and article 19 of the Commission report was dealing with the provision regarding the state crimes[8]. Grounds of legal obligation Article 19 creates strong implication on the international Unity that can be breached by the wrongful act of a state if it failed to perform the legal obligations mentioned as a crime. It has been stated another article where it has been mentioned that certain acts can be regarded as International crime that are as follows: If an obligation has been violated that has important features regarding the international peace and security; A breach has essential importance against the safeguarding of the rights of self determination of people; If Breach has been made by a state regarding the obligation that has important effect on safeguarding the human being from slavery or genocide; If a breach has been made by the state regarding an obligation that has an effect on human environment and massive pollution to the atmosphere. Attribution It is to be determined that what action of a state can be attracted the provision of state responsibility. One thing is to be kept in mind that there should be a casual connection regarding the injury caused by the state and an official act attributable to the state[9]. It is mentioned under the article that the state should be responsible for every action taken by its officials or organs and the officials of the state will be held liable if it Ultra Vires the provisions of the International Law regarding the public safety or the human rights[10]. There are certain non state actors who play an important role regarding the violation of the international law. These non-states are Al Qaeda, and several non-governmental organisations. It has been observed that all the attributions made by those non-state organisationare creating serious impact on the international community as well as the international integrity to support the benefit of international legal structure. Defences It has been mentioned under the International Law Commission report that is a state held responsible for violation of the international rules it can defend himself under certain provisions of that report. This Grounds can be categorised as article 23 article 25 article 24 and article 21 and article 20. All the provisions are throwing light on the chapters like distress, Self defence, countermeasures and consent[11]. Consequence of breach It is of no doubt to state that violation of international rules is to be considered as one of the international trade that can weaken provision of the international unity and integrity. If a breach has been made as per the provision of article 19 of the International Law Commission report 2001, Saturn liabilities will be imposed on the respective state and that will affect the international community as a whole[12]. The application can be defined as reparation duties made by the state that is mentioned under article 31 of the International Law Commission report. The second entitlements can be defined as a creation of new rights for the NGOs states that has been mentioned under article 42 and 48 of the International Law Commission report. The word reparation means restitution of compensation made by the defendant state and the alien state will be getting much benefit so that they can prepare them self for the development of the standard in general. Provisions of ILC It has been mentioned under article 18 of the International Law Commission report that if our state is a list to coerce the other state regarding matters that has International importance can be fallen within the scope of the state responsibility. Chapter v of the report states certain defences regarding the Alleged state where they can be adopted certain defences regarding the state responsibility. It has been mentioned under article 20 of the report that is a valid consent can be taken by one state to another state and the wrongfulness has been done to that extent to remain within the limits of that consent the state will not be held liable for any such acts. Under article 21 of the report it has been mentioned that it can constitutes art and wrongful acts that violate the principle of international law if it can be done for the process of self-defence. Even under article 12 of the report it has been observed that if the law itself prescribed that a state can take steps against any alien enemy then also the state cannot be responsible for any wrong full at that ensure to the interest of the other states. Weak points: Several articles that were encrypted under the International Law Commission are weak in nature. Under the commission report, part four depicts the provision. It has been mentioned under Article 55 of the report states about the applicability of all the provisions of the commission report and certain limitations are also mentioned in this case. It has been stated that the provisions can only be applicable if the questionable act are governed by the other provision of the international law. It has been stated under the Article 56 that the rules mentioned here are not be able to apply in the matters that are not regulated by this Articles. The rules of the article are only applied to certain specific questions that are included within the periphery of the Article and not beyond to that. Relevant provision is also stated under Article 54 of ILC that the provisions of the Article does not does not take any lawful measures against any state regarding the breach made by a state and it could not able to repatriate the alleged state that intend to injure the interest of the state or the alien state. Conclusion Therefore, from the above mentioned statements it has been observed that certain acts that violate the international rules can be regarded as the state responsibility of the violation has been done by a state in general. There are certain grounds that have been mentioned under the various articles of the International Law Commission report regarding the breach international policies[13]. It has been stated that state responsibility arise only when the acts of the state harms the interest of an alien enemy. Article 19 of the International Law Commission report has stated that there are certain Grounds by which it can be determined that whether or state has been violated the principle of the legal policies or not. Beside this provision, there are certain other provisions that are mentioned under the report that identifies the inability of the report to take strong action against those states that are violated the principles of international law. It is required to implement certain step s so that the suggestion given by the ILC regarding the state responsibility should be imposed on the states that had violated the provisions of international law by affecting the interest of the enemy states. There are many points mentioned under a separate provision of the International Law Commission report 2001 that state should not misuse their position and they are not able to violate the principle of the international law. Reference: Akande, Dapo, and Antonios Tzanakopoulos. "The International Court of Justice and the Concept of Aggression." (2015). ARBITRATION, ADHOC, and I. CASE CONCERNING TERRITORIAL. "Decisions of International Courts and Tribunals."ICLQ57 (2008): 701-709. Bernhardt, Rudolf. "Encyclopedia of public international law." (2013). Byers, Michael. "Terrorism, the use of force and international law after 11 September."International Comparative Law Quarterly51.2 (2012): 401-414. Case, Nicaragua. "Case concerning military and paramilitary activities in and against Nicaragua."Judgement on the Merits(2014). Cohen, Harlan Grant, et al. "Introduction: Legitimacy and International Courts." (2017). Crawford, James, and Thomas D. Grant. "International Court of Justice."The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations(2017). De Brabandere, Eric. "The Use of Precedent and External Case Law by the International Court of Justice and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea."The Law Practice of International Courts and Tribunals15.1 (2016): 24-55. Dinstein, Yoram.The conduct of hostilities under the law of international armed conflict. Cambridge University Press, 2016. Elias, Taslim.The international court of justice and some contemporary problems: essays on international law. Vol. 2. Springer Science Business Media, 2013. Hargrove, John Lawrence. "The Nicaragua Judgment and the Future of the Law of Force and Self-Defense."American Journal of International Law81.1 (2016): 135-143. Malintoppi, Loretta. "Fact Finding and Evidence Before the International Court of Justice (Notably in Scientific-Related Disputes)."Journal of International Dispute Settlement7.2 (2016): 421-444. MATTERS, MUTUAL ASSISTANCE IN CRIMINAL. "DECISIONS OF INTERNATIONAL COURTS AND TRIBUNALS."ICLQ59 (2010): 193-205. Wellens, Karel. "The International Court of Justice, Back to the Future: Keeping the Dream Alive."Netherlands International Law Review64.2 (2017): 193-212. Wi?niewski, Adam. "International Courts and Legalism in International Law."Polish Review of International and European Law(2017).

Roper V. Simmons free essay sample

As a result of the U. S Supreme Court’s controversial 5-4 decision, the Juvenile Justice system is now vulnerable to a systematic shift towards the rehabilitative role established at its inception. Introduction- Christopher Simmons is a cold blooded murder who was sentenced to death after the murder of Miss whoever. Sentenced to death 17 years old Series of appeals until 2002 Atkins v. Virginia Overturned Stanford v. Kentucky Part 1- The first juvenile court was established in Cook County, Illinois in 1898. Initial goal was rehabilitation of juveniles, not punishment. Change to a more punitive structure in response due a increase in juvenile crime during the 1970s and 1980s. Supreme Court decided juveniles had basic due process rights in Gault case. Established balancing act between rehabilitation and protection of the Health Safety and Welfare of society. Part 2-In deciding the execution of a juvenile is inconsistent with the 8th amendment, the U. S Supreme court uses unconventional and highly contested reasoning. We will write a custom essay sample on Roper V. Simmons or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The two pronged approach to 8th amendment cases Original intent of bill of rights Evolving moral standards of society National Conesus standard International law Part 3- Although the evolving moral standards of society could have changed to view the imposition of the death penalty on a minor as cruel and unusual punishment, the reasoning behind overturning Stanford v. Kentucky is highly contested. Scillia and Reihnquist’s dissenting. Posner’s view Scillia’s and Reinquist’s dissenting opinions acknowledge and foreshadow the severe consequences of the Court’s decision. Jury’s not capable of determining juvenile’s culpability Cited to rule life without parole for juveniles unconstitutional Calls into question about trying juveniles as adults for any crime Conclusion- Despite the use of a questionable criteria, the U. S Supreme Court ruled it unconstitutional to sentence a minor to death. Impact on future 8th amendment cases as well.

Essay Topics For AP Chemistry

Essay Topics For AP ChemistryWhen it comes to essay topics for AP Chemistry, students often wonder what they should be writing about. If you ask a group of high school or college students about the topics they are most interested in studying, you will see a lot of different answers. Many students want to write about animal studies, history, evolution, physics, and chemistry. These topics may seem like great topics to focus on but if you want to be successful in your AP Chemistry class, you must know which topic is right for you.First off, you should realize that there are no 'right'wrong' AP Chemistry essay topics. As long as you choose an essay topic that is compatible with the course requirements, you should be fine. To help you narrow down the choices you will find a number of resources online that offer advice and other information that you can use to decide on the topic you want to write about. Take the time to read articles about essay topics for AP Chemistry and look for resou rces that will provide you with specific advice and tools to help you in your research. Remember, though, that it is important to understand your options before you make any decisions.For example, you may want to write about ethics, human anatomy, life science, philosophy, physics, and physiology. These are all topics that you can choose from when it comes to essay topics for AP Chemistry. However, if you take the time to read what other students are writing about these topics, you may find that some of the topics are really quite different than what you would expect to be writing about. Therefore, it is important to first decide what types of topics are important to you before you go out and find a topic.Another reason why it is important to understand the types of essay topics you are going to write about before you begin your research is because you can use this information to determine what to include in your essay. For example, you may be interested in a topic that is more huma n anatomy-related, and you want to write about it. If you study other essays, you may find that some students have written about evolutionary theories. You want to find out what types of topics are being written about and how different students are dealing with these topics.After you have narrowed down the types of topics you want to write about, you will need to go ahead and choose the topic that you think will be most helpful for you. This should be done with a lot of thought and consideration, because even if you write about a topic that is considered more 'human' by others, it will still need to be written in a way that is easy for you to comprehend. You want to make sure that you are comfortable with the subject matter so that you can then make the most effective use of the information you need.When choosing essay topics for AP Chemistry, you need to remember that not all topics are created equal. One type of topic may be easier to write about than another. If you find yourself frustrated with a topic, don't give up. Try another one that you are more comfortable with and that you find interesting, and then repeat this process until you find the one that you think you will be able to easily write about.The key to choosing the right essay topics for AP Chemistry is to be able to take what you have learned from your previous research and determine which topics you can write about. You want to be able to understand each topic so that you can use this information in your final paper. However, you also want to make sure that you are able to talk clearly about the topic so that you can make the most effective use of your time.When it comes to researching essay topics for AP Chemistry, there are many good sources for information online and in the library. Just remember that you should always do research on a topic before you write anything down. You never know what other ideas you will come up with, so do not be afraid to go back to your notes and make correction s.

Free Essays on The Effects Of Media Violence On Young Children

The Effects of Media Violence on Young Children Abstract- The portrayal of violence in the media has an effect on all who witness it. This effect can especially be seen in young children, as they may be the more likely to witness violence through their specified programming. While the number of violent acts in children’s programming has increased in recent years, most research suggests that, past a certain age, children are not likely to engage in violent or imitative acts themselves as a result of this programming. The psychological development necessary for this stage includes the ability to distinguish between reality and fantasy as well as the development of a conscience and awareness for others’ feelings (or empathy). Although the violence portrayed in the media has specific effects on young children, these effects may be controlled and often do not lead to actual violent behavior. Introduction- Witnessing violence can be a traumatic event for anyone to endure. These effects may occur whether or not the event witnessed is actually occurring. Media violence has been an issue in American society since the Vietnam War, when the media as well as the government had to decide how much of the combat footage would be broadcast. Violence portrayed by the media for creative or informative purposes can have devastating effects on those watching. Research indicates that there may be a connection between media violence and teenage aggression, suggesting parental controls on television viewing among these groups (Whitfield, 2002). The effects of violent programming are especially significant in young children who have not yet fully developed the skills for discerning fiction from reality. Although violence in the media has an effect on young children, these negative effects can be eliminated once the child reaches a particular age. Literature Review- Violence portrayed in the media encompasses the areas of television, movie... Free Essays on The Effects Of Media Violence On Young Children Free Essays on The Effects Of Media Violence On Young Children The Effects of Media Violence on Young Children Abstract- The portrayal of violence in the media has an effect on all who witness it. This effect can especially be seen in young children, as they may be the more likely to witness violence through their specified programming. While the number of violent acts in children’s programming has increased in recent years, most research suggests that, past a certain age, children are not likely to engage in violent or imitative acts themselves as a result of this programming. The psychological development necessary for this stage includes the ability to distinguish between reality and fantasy as well as the development of a conscience and awareness for others’ feelings (or empathy). Although the violence portrayed in the media has specific effects on young children, these effects may be controlled and often do not lead to actual violent behavior. Introduction- Witnessing violence can be a traumatic event for anyone to endure. These effects may occur whether or not the event witnessed is actually occurring. Media violence has been an issue in American society since the Vietnam War, when the media as well as the government had to decide how much of the combat footage would be broadcast. Violence portrayed by the media for creative or informative purposes can have devastating effects on those watching. Research indicates that there may be a connection between media violence and teenage aggression, suggesting parental controls on television viewing among these groups (Whitfield, 2002). The effects of violent programming are especially significant in young children who have not yet fully developed the skills for discerning fiction from reality. Although violence in the media has an effect on young children, these negative effects can be eliminated once the child reaches a particular age. Literature Review- Violence portrayed in the media encompasses the areas of television, movie...

Blackbeard the Pirate - Edward Teach

Blackbeard the Pirate - Edward Teach Blackbeard - Early Life: The man who became Blackbeard appears to have been born in or around Bristol, England around 1680. While most sources indicate that his name was Edward Teach, various spellings such as Thatch, Tack, and Theache were used during his career. Also, as many pirates used aliases it is possible that Blackbeards real name is unknown. It is believed that he arrived in the Caribbean as a merchant sailor in the last years of the 17th century before settling on Jamaica. Some sources also indicate that he sailed as a British privateer during Queen Annes War (1702-1713). Blackbeard - Turning to the Pirates Life: Following the signing of the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, Teach moved to the pirate haven of New Providence in the Bahamas. Three years later, he appears to have joined the crew of pirate Captain Benjamin Hornigold. Demonstrating skill, Teach was soon placed in command of a sloop. In early 1717, they successfully operated out of New Providence capturing several ships. That September, they met with Stede Bonnet. A landowner turned pirate, the inexperienced Bonnet had recently been wounded in an engagement with a Spanish ship. Talking with the other pirates, he agreed to temporarily let Teach command his ship, Revenge. Sailing with three ships, the pirates continued to have success that fall. Despite this, Hornigolds crew became dissatisfied with his leadership and by the end of the year he was forced to retire. Pressing on with Revenge and a sloop, Teach captured the French guineaman La Concorde on November 28 off St. Vincent. Discharging its cargo of slaves, he converted it into his flagship and renamed it Queen Annes Revenge. Mounting 32-40 guns, Queen Annes Revenge soon saw action as Teach continued capturing ships. Taking the sloop Margaret on December 5, Teach released the crew a short time later. Returning to St. Kitts, Margarets captain, Henry Bostock, detailed his capture to Governor Walter Hamilton. In making his report, Bostock described Teach as having a long black beard. This identifying feature soon gave the pirate his nickname Blackbeard. In an effort to look more fearsome, Teach later braided the beard and took to wearing lit matches under his hat. Continuing to cruise the Caribbean, Teach captured the sloop Adventure off Belize in March 1718 which was added to his small fleet. Moving north and taking ships, Teach passed Havana and moved up the Florida coast. Blackbeard - The Blockade of Charleston: Arriving off Charleston, SC in May 1718, Teach effectively blockaded the harbor. Stopping and plundering nine ships in the first week, he took several prisoners before demanding that the city provide him with medical supplies for his men. The citys leaders agreed and Teach sent a party ashore. After some delay, his men returned with the supplies. Upholding his promise, Teach released his prisoners and departed. While at Charleston, Teach learned that Woodes Rogers had departed England with a large fleet and orders to sweep pirates from the Caribbean. Blackbeard - A Bad Time at Beaufort: Sailing north, Teach headed for Topsail (Beaufort) Inlet, NC to refit and careen his ships. On entering the inlet, Queen Annes Revenge struck a sandbar and was badly damaged. In trying to free the ship, Adventure was also lost. Left with only Revenge and a captured Spanish sloop, Teach pushed into the inlet. One of Bonnets men later testified that Teach intentionally ran Queen Annes Revenge aground and some have speculated that the pirate leader was seeking to reduce his crew in order to increase his share of the plunder. During this period, Teach also learned of the offer of a royal pardon to all pirates who surrendered before September 5, 1718. Though tempted he was concerned as it only cleared pirates for crimes committed prior to January 5, 1718 and thus would not pardon him for his actions off Charleston. Though most authorities typically would waive such conditions, Teach remained skeptical. Believing that Governor Charles Eden of North Carolina could be trusted, he dispatched Bonnet to Bath, NC as a test. Arriving, Bonnet was duly pardoned and planned to return to Topsail to collect Revenge before sailing for St. Thomas. Blackbeard - A Brief Retirement: Arriving, Bonnet found that Teach had departed in a sloop after plundering Revenge and marooning part of his crew. Sailing in search of Teach, Bonnet returned to piracy and was captured that September. Having departed Topsail, Teach sailed for Bath where he accepted a pardon in June 1718. Anchoring his sloop, which he named Adventure, in Ocracoke Inlet, he settled in Bath. Though encouraged to seek a privateers commission by Eden, Teach soon returned to piracy and operated around Delaware Bay. Later taking two French ships, he kept one and returned to Ocracoke. Arriving, he told Eden that he had found the ship abandoned at sea and an Admiralty court soon confirmed Teachs claim. With Adventure anchored in Ocracoke, Teach entertained fellow pirate Charles Vane who had escaped Rogers fleet in the Caribbean. New of this meeting of pirates soon spread through the colonies causing fear. While Pennsylvania dispatched ships to capture them, the Governor of Virginia, Alexander Spotswood, became equally concerned. Arresting William Howard, the former quartermaster on Queen Annes Revenge, he obtained key information regarding Teachs whereabouts. Blackbeard - Last Stand: Believing that Teach presence in the region presented a crisis, Spotswood financed an operation to capture the notorious pirate. While the captains of HMS Lyme and HMS Pearl were to take forces overland to Bath, Lieutenant Robert Maynard was to sail south to Ocracoke with two armed sloops, Jane and Ranger. On November 21, 1718, Maynard located Adventure anchored inside Ocracoke Island. The next morning, his two sloops entered the channel and were spotted by Teach. Coming under fire from Adventure, Ranger was badly damaged and played no further role. While the progression of the battle is uncertain, at some point Adventure ran aground. Closing, Maynard hid the majority of his crew below before coming alongside Adventure. Swarming aboard with his men, Teach was taken by surprise when Maynards men sprung up from below. In the melee that followed, Teach engaged Maynard and broke the British officers sword. Attacked by Maynards men, Teach received five gunshot wounds and was stabbed at least twenty times before falling dead. With the loss of their leader, the remaining pirates quickly surrendered. Cutting Teachs head from his body, Maynard ordered it suspended from Janes bowsprit. The rest of the pirates body was thrown overboard. Though known as one of the most fearsome pirates to sail the waters of North America and the Caribbean, there are no verified accounts of Teach having harmed or killed any of his captives. Selected Sources National Geographic: Blackbeard LivesQueen Annes Revenge

Engineering ethics paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Engineering ethics - Research Paper Example This specific branch of Genetic Engineering is called Transgenics (Frewer, 2013). Even though Genetic Engineering has led to the emergence of very superb hybrid and chimeras species of animals and plants and, has also resulted to the discovery of vaccines for various diseases, it is still unethical scientific practice that has always violated the integrity and rights of many animals and the culture of man as well. Many people live in fear of this mysterious technology and a number of animals, both wild and domestic are at risk of being killed in the course of the several Genetic tests. In fact, much concern is on these victimized animals (Ormandy, 2011). Below are some of ethical issues. To the religious world, the Transgenic practice of isolating genes and tissues from one animal and inserting them into another is very immoral and unacceptable act. Such acts are unnatural practices that seek to dismantle the creation design of God. For instance, the harvesting of genes from human tumor and implanting them into tobacco plant has ignited a bitter disagreement religious culture of man and Science (Brad, 2009). During the transfer of genes and cells from an animal to human being, some zoonotic diseases (diseases that are found in both animals and human) may be carried along side. Such diseases include Nipah and Bovine, commonly known as the â€Å"mad cow disease†. These diseases are very lethal and can easily lead to sudden death of man if not diagnosed in good time (Conn, 2008). The genetically modified food has posed health threats to lay society which do not clearly understand how such foods were quickly manufactured in laboratories. It is very evident that genetically modified foods can interfere with normal functioning of the human body and has a long term health effect. Some individuals have rapidly gained weight after eating highly processed and hybrid products. Animal Welfare has been the main concern when it comes to ethical issues in Genetic

Comparison And Contrast Of The Importance Of Religion And Secularism Essay

Comparison And Contrast Of The Importance Of Religion And Secularism - Essay Example In the prince Machiavelli does not direct reference to religion or secularism because his view is the well being of the community and security. He does not give so much emphasis on morality in political actions. For him moral acts were just part of instrumental in achieving political expedience. So for him the social and political consequences f acts interested him more than th moral intent of any action. For Machiavelli in human nature all actions are bound to be either good or evil. Machiavelli feels that the violation of personal morality is not justified. But quickly points out the fact that the violations of the standards of personal morality can excused in ceases of public interest. The honors are thrown upon statesmen according to Machiavelli to know when to act in the interest of the common good. Machiavelli himself was a Christian though he had attacks on the church which was nearly directed at the clerics. These attacks can never be considered as anti religious but rather o n the scandalous live of popes and their political activities. His critic on religion was mostly on Christianity since it helped the some minority to achieve political expediency and the socially undesirable ends. This led him to call for the return an original creed. He promoted the idea of social pragmatics in religion than encourage secularism. According to Machiavelli Glory is rendered to acts that are cherished and remembered by mankind. In his view finding religion involves the founding of religion, establishing commonwealths, creating literature and through process of commanding armies as well. . John Locke’s views on religion tend to align to those of Machiavelli. In the simple respect that lock views religion as an individual decision and not one imposed by the common wealth or state. According to Lock religion should only be addressed in private sphere. This has to an impression that john lock in actual sense trivializes religion not seeing not seeing the importance of having it in the public. Especially when celebrating religious activities publicly. In the treatise of government makes a categorical attack on religion labeling those who disagree with him as not being part of the body of Christ (23). Lock further notes that the authority of the church merely comes from the priests and in his view does not come from God. He further notes that orthodoxy in religious belief and adherence comes from individual belief.   According to lock churches should not be involved in worldly maters and therefore it has no impact on what people do (32). Lock view on religion is that individual should find their own path and does not understand which path is the right to follow. This is in respect to the fact people follow different paths. He actually trivializes the Christian traditions by claiming that Christ mention that he is the way is not right. Since some people do not see that as right (36).Jons hn lock’s attack on Christian traditions include an attack on baptism and the holy communion. He mentions how the two traditions are in respect to individual discretion for example how others are allowed to take the Holy Communion while others are not allowed. Lock also mentions the different baptism to justify himself on individual discretion on the practices    lock presents himself as secular holding no traditional religious beliefs or practices. Quite different to Machiavelli who despite his philosophy does not parapet religious beliefs. He himself was raised and died as a Christian. This is quite different john lock who is secular in his views and perspectives. The

Indian Consumer Buying Behaviour in the UK

Indian Consumer Buying Behaviour in the UK 1. Introduction This dissertation provide an overview of research topic on Indian consumer buying behavior in UK, first part outline aims and objective of the dissertation and followed by the motivation and study carried. Outline of structure of the dissertation and limitation are presented. 1.1 Aims and Objectives The aim of the dissertation is to understand and identify the social, cultural, buying behaviour characteristics of Indian community in UK. The research carried out primary and secondary research associated with Indian community and shows the linked between the ethnic consumer behaviour connections with market. What are the consumer buying behaviour characteristics of Indian Community in the UK†? Objective The objective of the dissertation is to focus and study on buying behavior of the Indian Community living in UK. To determine identify categories associated with Indian and their age characteristics. The article, literature, journal covers cultural, ethnical issues, historical issues of Indian identify integrating it with the personally studies. The method used on the basis of quantifiable observation for statistical analysis and philosophical interpretive research method to support Questionnaires are used to analyses the primary data. The findings reveal personal, ethnical, buying pattern and cultural characteristics relevant for identifying Indians consumer behavior. The conclusions are made for the implications of this identity need to be taken into account by the UK marketers or business market for new segment to target. 1.2 Motivations behind the Dissertation The Indians are part of a multicultural UK society, they make a significant cultural and consumer force Ref 35 (Fletcher, 2003). They are increasing in size, purchasing power and geographic concentration, giving â€Å"marketers a unique opportunity to modify their marketing strategies in the pursuit of increased market share and profitability† Ref 27 (Lindridge and Dibb, 2003). Due to increase in ethnic population and cultural diversity which represent many opportunity and threats to the markets hence marketer has to acknowledge the change in market by understanding the ethnic diversity Ref 35. Total in UK around 29% organization dont target ethnic market while 47% do target but were not effective in strategies due to lack of understanding and information about the Indian community in UK. Ref 27 (Lindridge and Dibb, 2003 cited: Fulford, 2001). Since UK represent multiethnic society, consisting of a diverse mix of culture and languages, there generates to understand the buying behaviors of all the elements which effects the business to fulfill marketing knowledge as the for the satisfaction of customer needs and wants Ref 28 (Chudry and Pallister, 2002)(Ref 25). This report will be focusing on the consumer buying behaviors characteristics of the Indians community in UK. 1.4 Limitations of the study The limitation of the study are that there has not been enough research done on the cultural characteristics of Indian Consumer Behaviour therefore there is no previous more studies carried out to judge the topic further. The Empirical Side of the Research has been hindered due to the fact that there is only one researcher, which made difficult to gather substantial studies and sample of Indian Community for quantitative research which have been omitted due to lack of manpower and time. 2. Literature Review Consumer Behaviour According to Philip Kotler consumer behavior as â€Å"the buying behavior of final consumer- individual and households who buys goods and services for personal consumption†, all to this it is directly related to market created by Consumer which varies in income, age, education level and taste across the world tremendously. They buy incredible variety of services and products which diverse consumer connection with each other with other element of the world (Ref 1). Today consumers have many choices to select a product as compared to ten or fifteen year before. Business growth depends on loyal customer or repeat purchase because they are satisfied with product variety/ services which they have received which bring consumer into the stores. Lot of marketing efforts is played to bring consumer to the stores, normally consumer assumes marketing as advertising and selling which is flow of goods from producers to customer. Marketing has great influence on fast moving consumer goods t hrough range of activities includes promotion, market research, advertising etc. Evaluation and monitoring of customer is also an important and one method of evaluation is by completing marketing research. Ref 7 (Woodruffe 1995 149, 163-4) According to Adrian Palmer Business Philosophy, marketing puts customers at the centre point of all the organizations which reflects the basic values to understand and response to customer necessity and needs to search constantly for new market opportunities. (Ref 22) There are three major components of marketing by Narver and Slater (1990) Customer Orientation, Competitor Orientation and Interfunctional Co-ordination. Customer Orientation understands its target buyers, Competitor Orientation focus on customer and its competitors police and strategy, while Interfunctional Co-ordination which futile marketing manager to develop the marketing plans to creating value, delivering promise made to customer and integrates its human and physical resources effectively and adapts them to meet customer needs. Marketing key concepts depends on customers, needs, value, exchange and market. Marketing Environment According Kotler â€Å"The actors and forces outside marketing that affect marketing ability to develop and maintain successful transaction with its target customer.† As per Environment markets depends to two major environment micro and macro environment but basically here we will be dealing with Macro Environment with explores border concepts of consumer behavior. Macro Environment consists of larges societal forces like demographic, cultural, economical, natural, political and technological. UK which is huge market with varied customers which are widely scattered hence we have to focus on specific Indian Consumer segment. According to Kotler Segment marketing is an â€Å"isolating broad segments that make up a market and adapting the marketing to match the needs of one or more segments†.(Ref 1,2). For marketer to target the entire consumer with same marketing style and approach doesnt satisfy to all customer where are many customer are dissatisfi ed or there need are fulfilled, hence here opportunity arise fro the company for specific segment. As per data and statistics Marketer has to go for niche marketing to target specific segment. According to Kotler Niche Marketing is Focusing or sub segment or niches with distinctive traits that may seek a special combination of benefits.(Ref 1,2). Hence in this project we will be focusing on Indian consumer with total UK consumer hence below gives the Geographical, Cultural, Political, Technological and Economical consumer patterns as compared to total UK Consumer. Geographically Indian Consumer In UK According to Kotler Demography or Geographical shows the study of human population in terms of size, density, location, age, gender, race occupation.(Ref1) Its very important because its gives marketers major interest it involve people, and people make up markets, as Indian Consumer geographical location is given below. Geographical Distribution of Minority Religions Mainly In London Percentage of each religion living in London, April 2001, GB Percentage of each religion living in London, April 2001, GB http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=956 (Ref 39) Families with dependent children: by ethnic group and family type, April 2001, UK Families with dependent http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=956 Total International Migration (TIM) to/from the UK 1991-2004 Total International Migration (TIM) to/from the UK 1991-2004 According to recent survey by Government in 2004, around 223,000 more people migrated to UK than migrated abroad, as its higher migration than estimat e before in 1991. Migration from New Commonwealth has increased by 45 percent between 2003 and 2004 within this group, net in migration from Asian was risen from 38,000 to 54000 in 2003, 2004 respectively. Ref 39 Net migration by country of last or next residence (1995-2004) Net migration by country of last or next residence (1995-2004) The demographic characterized of ethnic population in Britain is complex, As 97 percent of Britains non white population live in England, where most of the Indian lives in England and major cities of Scotland, approximately 53 percent of Indian lives in the south east and a further 30 percent in the midlands. Recently due to new Government laws implementation in Scotland the increase of Asian community are raising in great major cities like Edinburgh and Glasgow .Ref 39 Social, Cultural and Economic characteristics of the Ethnic population Culture can be defined as a â€Å"unique pattern of shared meanings that characterized a society and distinguish it from other societies. It is passed down from generation to generation and has been described as a societys ‘personality † Ref 21 (Wells and Prensky, 1996). Culture should be viewed as a â€Å"complex bundle of independent variables that can be attributed to behaviour† Ref 27. Culture plays an important part in the identification of an ethnic group, as ethnic groups are â€Å"those human groups that entertain a subjective belief in their common descent because similarities of physical type or of custom or both, or because of memories of colonization and immigration† Ref 27 i.e. culture. According to Kotler the cultural environment is made up of institution and other forces that affect the societys basic values, perceptions, preference and behavior. Every consumer grows in specific environment which gives some beliefs, values, inheritance, family structure, reference characteristics which reflects in him.(Ref 1) Culture is forever evolving â€Å"synthesizing old ideas with new ones† Ref 20 (Solomon, 2004). All cultures are different, but there are four dimensions that are in all cultures: 1. Power distance: how relationships form when difference in power is perceived. 2. Uncertainty: â€Å"the degree to which people feel threatened by ambiguous situations and have beliefs and institutions that help them to avoid this uncertainty† Ref20 3. Masculinity/femininity: how clear are the sex roles? 4. Individualism: cultures differ on how individualist (importance attached to personal goals) or collectivist (people lower their personal goals for the group) they may be Ref 20. 2.3.2.1 Components of Culture The components of culture are a useful tool for marketers as they can use appropriate marketing communications to associate the product with the consumers values. Values â€Å"Values are the underlying beliefs about the appropriate ways the members of a culture should act, think, and feel† Ref21, these values are: i. Somewhat stable; ii. Somewhat general iii. â€Å"Fairly widely accepted as a guide to culturally appropriate behaviour and therefore as a ‘standard of desirable and undesirable beliefs, attitudes and behaviour† (CIM, 1993).Ref 23 Norms and Customs Norms are the rules of values on how to behave or not behave; individuals may or may not accept these norms Ref 9 (Antonides and van Raaij, 1998). â€Å"Crescive† norms are norms that are rooted in a culture (Ref 20). â€Å"Crescive† norms can also be perceived as a custom, which are the â€Å"established patterns of behaviour adopted within the society or community. They regulate and regularize social practices and define which behaviours are acceptable† (Rice, 1997) Ref 16. Williams (1981) identified four forms of customs or what Le Vine (1997) calls ‘ostensible markers from the least to the most serious enforced:Ref 19,26 Myths Myths are tales that exemplify one or more of the shared values of a culture by describing a person, event, or idea that symbolizes values (Wells and Prensky, 1996) Ref 21. Myths serve four interconnected functions in a culture: Ref 19 1. Metaphysical: explains the origin of life 2. Cosmological: all the components of the universe is part of one picture 3. Sociological: the maintaining of social order through a social code 4. Psychological: the providing of models for personal behaviour Ref 20(Solomon, 2004) Rituals a. â€Å"A ritual is a set of interrelated patterns of behaviour that have a symbolic meaning† (Ref 21), ritualized behavior is formal and ceremonial such as marriage ceremonies and religious services (CIM, 1993). Ritualistic behaviour is an individual behavior that is made into a ritual such as shaving and getting up at a certain time in the morning Ref 19 (Schiffman and Kanuk, 2003). Sacred and Profane Consumption * Sacred consumption involves items and events that are not part of ordinary activities and are treated as such, example, religious ceremonies (Ref 20). * Profane Consumption involves ordinary, everyday items and events (Ref 20) * Sacred Events when consumers activities take on special status, it can be anything from public events, sports events or holidays, as they occupy sacred time and space for the consumer Ref 20 (Solomon, 2004). Material Artefacts Material artefacts are possessions that have a special significance to members of a culture. Artefacts obtain their special significance due to the role they play in myths, customs, and rituals. Artefacts can be everyday products that have symbolic meanings, which give them special status in culture, such as red roses for Valentines Day Ref 21. Indian have different rituals, customer,myths which relates each other, due to help of British Government Indian enjoy major big Indian Festival like Diwali, Dusshera etc in UK, as festival times seems to major shopping and expenditure time of Indian , majority of Indian community still does major investment, buying or moving on special festive period or religious occasion then usual day due to long traditional belief from ancient time. Gold purchasing and wearing is one of the passion in Indian customer , Women during festive period used to buy gold and diamonds which is one of the major segment for marketer to target the ethnic community during festive period. Language and Symbols Language makes the learning and sharing of culture possible (CIM, 1993), without a common language, a shared understanding would cease to exist, which will lead to the extinction of a culture Ref 19. Symbols are an important aspect of language; they can be verbal or non-verbal (CIM, 1993). Verbal symbols include television and magazine advertisement, whilst non-verbal symbols are s, shapes and colours Ref 19. Symbols can carry a number of different meanings and have different interpretations to many people; these interpretations can be unique to one culture. India have a diverse culture with more 24 different language, having Hindi has national language, majority of Indian in UK use Hindi or English as communication language in community. According to Journal of Consumer Behaviour, Britain ethnic minority population was around 5.5 percent with spending power of L 10 Bn in 1998 which has increased drastically, whereas the population of Indian are increasing faster than Caucasian which leads increase in buying power. Many companies has started targeting ethnic group eg. Jaguar started sponsorship events of Indian Bollywood Mega Mela in London of 3 days. Indian culture are great lovers of music and art from ancient times, ancient history have shown deep interest in this field which has contributed in formation of Bollywood industry, world largest film industry in the world, which influence billion of people in India through cultural aspects and Behaviour. Before Bollywood industry was popular only in east but now every year its increase 18 % market globally with 3.6 billion global audience which higher than Hollywood which has only 2.5 billion global audience, Indian community which migrated and living in UK cannot distract from viewing Bollywood movies and channels Which has created a huge market for Indian viewer of Asian channels and Bollywood movies in UK market. As per recent survey by BBC more than 70% of British Asian homes twice the national average the Telewest, sky or cable tv at home where viewing two third of Asian viewer are made of Asian interest channels featuring dramas, Bollywood music of back home and movies. Also s urveyed revealed that majority of ethnic population have their own mobile, DVD and internet at home. Majority Indian women back in India has highly soap addicts drama , survey carried out shown that 71% percent ethnic community made a point of watching soap as compared to 56% of white woman. Leader in broadcaster were Zee TV and Star which was just a new comer in UK around 4 year before but in his second year of launch he had 90,000 strong customer of ethnic community because Star TV is one of Indian Top Channel with 42 million subscribers which show cultural inheritance in UK which has high growth rate. Some of provider like Telewest understood the consumer Behaviour of ethnic community and launch Asian Channel Package which was cheaper than individual channel and wholesome package which attracted number of customer toward him. Ref 31, 32, 33 2.3.2.2 Subcultures For a marketer culture may come across as too broad a subject, as it embraces whole societies (CIM, 1993), therefore, to make life much easier a marketer could subdivide a culture into distinct subcultures. A subculture can then be defined as groups of people within a society that share common experiences and beliefs, which distinguishes them from other groups (Ref 20). An individual can belong to a number of subcultures and these subcultures can play a crucial role in defining the extended self (Ref 20) . Rice (1997) suggests that there are five prime subcultures: Geography; Religion; Age; Gender and Ethnicity.(Ref 16) Indian with has diverse culture with varied religion, India has many sub religion which makes sub culture or sub group like Sikh religion which has same characteristics and belief like Hindu, . While Indian Muslims used to differ in culture, tradition and belief which can be a new sub culture. As under studies and my knowledge India used to be male dominant society from long time, still majority of Indian women in India used to housewife and male used to earn but in recent 20 years women in India used to work and way ahead but still male dominant the heavy purchase like home, car, investment, buying while female dominant male in purchase of household, home maintenance, buying food etc which reflect same in UK. 2.3.2.3 Acculturation Acculturation is the â€Å"process of movement and adaptation to one countrys environment by a person from another country† (Ref 20); this process is the learning of the host countries language, myths, values, customs and rituals (Wells and Prensky, 1996) Ref 21. There is also the opposite affect of acculturation which is enculturation that is the â€Å"process of learning ones native cultural values† Ref 21. (Ref 9) Antonides and van Raaij (1998) call this the process of socialization with the culture being transferred from the older to the younger generation through family, religious groups, schools and other agents. Ref 9 Acculturation agents can align with the culture of origin or the culture of immigration in Fig. 1.3 shows how well an individual responds to the agents depends on their individual differences, these responses thus affect the acculturation process such as; movement which is the physical movement from one location to another; there is then the need for the translation of social rules in the host country; and this leads to the adaptation process by the consumer, on how much do they align with the host nation. The acculturation outcomes are either to assimilate with the host nation, by adopting their values; maintain practices from culture of origin; or just segregate completely from the host nation, by only buying goods from people from their culture. Many Indian migrated from India have cultural Behaviour of back country as well they kindly start adopting the British culture , hence year after year they have 20-30 percent of British culture which has replaced some of the Indian culture, Majority Indian in back country used to religious more but after migrating they become less religious , dont concern more than usual, also majority of Indian in back country use to Vegetarian and keep to avoid Liquor but after several years in UK they used to eat majority on Non Vegetarian food except religion prohibition of eating beef (Hindu and Sikh) and pork(Muslims) and start drinking more than usual, the back country they used to leave in joint family and have strong family structure , which has little bit change in coming year, the new generation British Indian or Indian leaving from long time use to leave separately than joint family , get separate from parents and leave independently but still have strong bondage with family which shows m ixed culture of Indian and British. According Sinha (1969) and Mandelbaum (1970) study indicated that the Indian families are of dominant concern for most Indians. Individuals within the family are instilled with collectivist cultural values of duty, interdependence, obedience, reliability and sacrifice for the group (Triandis, 1989; Triandis et al., 1993). In contrast, individualistic cultures encourage detachment from the family unit and greater individuality (Halman, 1996). It is British Indians relationship with their family that may be a major cultural determinant upon their buyer behavior. The family units influence, within the collectivist-individualistic context noted earlier, therefore, will be assessed through three buyer behavior areas: use of possessions to enhance social status, materialism and reference group use. Family structure and Reference Group According to Journal of Consumer Behaviour , Ethnic Indian Community have family dominant concern for most Indian, individuals within the family has distinct collectivist value of culture, duty, obedience, interdependence, sacrifice and reliability where in contrast Britishs Causcaucian are detached and great individuality. This relationship bondage within the family structure has major cultural determinant upon their buying Behaviour. As per Journal Indian Immigrant are more concerned with possessions than people, inferring and have a materialistic Behaviour which is other way on British Community. Ref 30 A reference group is â€Å"any person or group that serves as a point of comparison for an individual in forming either general or specific values, attitudes, or a specific guide for behavior† (Ref 19), these groups can be real or imagined (Ref 20). Reference groups can be influential as they can be â€Å"informative, utilitarian, and value-expressive† (Ref 20). Normative reference groups influence general values or behavior, whereas comparative reference groups are benchmarks for specific attitudes or behavior (Ref 19). Factors that affect reference groups influence on consumers may include: * Information and experience: an individual who has knowledge of a product/service is less likely to be influence by a group * Credibility, attractiveness, and power of the reference group: these groups can induce consumer attitude and behavior change, as they are seen as trustworthy and knowledgeable * Conspicuousness of the product: reference groups influence varies according to whether the product visually conspicuous (one that stands out) or verbally conspicuous (a product can be easily described) (Ref 19) There are several types of reference groups that can be defined as either ‘aspirational (successful business people sportsmen or celebrities) or ‘membership (groups that an individual can identify with) groups (Solomon, 2004)Ref 20. Some of these reference groups are: * Friendship groups: they are informal groups and are the most influential group when it comes to the purchase decision * Shopping groups: they are made-up of family or friends, this function can be referred to as purchase pals * Work groups: because of the amount of time people spend at work, the work group can be a major influence (Ref 19) According to Green the family structure favored by Indian community which have traditional family structure and contrary to it, as the new generation has different attitudes towards family structure across the generation in Indian families. The family structure favored by Indian groups varies enormously It is clearly important for marketers to be aware of these divergent trends since they will have important implications for advertising and promotional activities directed towards the various ethnic groups (Green, 1999). According to Journal of Consumer Behaviour, due to collectivist culture of Indian which are affected by external perceptions, then reference group selection may be determined by the need of gain recognition of the familys reputation, majority British Indian seek recognition from these reference group, secondly work colleagues and friends have greater collectivist power of culture. Ref 30 Age profile of minority groups According to Journal Dawn Burton (Ref 24) Age profile plays an important role in minority group, one of the most significant features of the Indian population is its younger age as compared to white indigenous population. According to data 1990, 48 percent of the ethnic minority population was under 24 years of age in 1999 compared with 31 percent of the white population. Indian group had 41 percent of individual in this age group, As a study in US marketer have recognized that younger age profile of minority group is having an important impact on consumer behaviors . T he studied show that Indian Minorities community have higher percentage of card ownership, ATM usages, use cards for withdraw cash and more likely purchase goods and service with cards than the white population Ref 26(Texas Banking, 1999) hence Indian community has similar culture expectation like in Britain . Ref 24,26. Economic and Social Characteristics Economic Environment consists of factors which affects the consumer purchasing power and spending patterns, According to Adrian Palmer for â€Å"marketer its hard to appreciate fully the cultural values of a society, attitudes to specific product changes through time and at any one time between different groups†. â€Å"Like in Home market specially UK, company should understand the processes of gradual changes and be prepared to satisfy the changing needs of consumer† (Ref 22). As a new challenges for marketing are posed by the diverse cultural tradition of ethnic minorities. According to Journal Dawn Burton issues can be addressed our social and economic factor, the issues holds religion, household income and family structure. Before targeting a specific segment its important level of income and expenditure, the superiority of Indian groups over the white category is party accounted for the higher proportion of pensioner households in the white indigenous population.(R ef 24) The PSI survey is useful in this respect since it categorizes the proportion of members of different ethnic groups in various income brackets. The ethnic Indian and White Population were on a par but there are significant proportions of high earners in the Indian, Indian population in UK are at high earning capacity with high saving as compared to White or any other community Ref 32. They have strong purchasing power. According recent publication in newspaper, out of 10 richest people of UK five are from Indian origin, hence from this statistics one can imagine how far Indian are economical strong in UK, world 3 richest and UK Top richest person Mr. Laksmi Mittal belong to India, majority of Indian living in UK are economical sound and having high saving then the normal British consumer, due to which they have strong buying power Ref 35, Ref 40 According to International Journal of Entrepreneurship, majority of Indian community in UK runs small scale business, in transition which are lining into owing large scale, profitable, enterprise has not the attracted investment but attention of media and research , nearly of half of independent shops in Britain in 1990 were own by Ethnic Asian entrepreneur which have high scale of Indian, in which have around 300 millionaire 1990 which have increased to 500 or more today, whereas they are 2 percent of working age population in Britain , contributing towards wealth creating by employment which is greater in size. According to Modood in 1997 the average weekly earning of Indian exceeds those of White population In Britain. Ref 30,33 As Success of the Asian Business in Britain likes in their cultural characteristics which have high encourage thrift, hard and reliance on family lab our. There are major cultural facts like mechanisms of self help, family controlled business, informal source, local ethnic community market which builds the business to new ladder. A enterprenuser who makes productive use of the community like cheap family labor, finance within community, cultural values, niche marketing to satisfy the demands of their own community for ethnic product which have huge population to fulfill. Ref 30 Ethnic business has asserted the success due to sense of developing from small to large scale business, due to ability of branch out from ethnic enclave economy. According social aspect, Indian community have strong social education belief, around 60 percent have done bachelors degree or higher qualification which impact on growth in business and employment.Ref 30,33 Technological According Kotler Technological environment is a Force that create new technologies, creating new product and market opportunities. Today every second or day a new technology hits the market which Technological point of Indian Consumer In UK have hardly any in-depth studies, but Study by PSI (see Table IV).showed the individual about their ownership of a range of consumer durables, as compared to white population. In comparison Indian community has higher ownerships of some items like micro-ovens, video recorder, computer, washing machine etc than other community hence the market looks immense for specific Indian Segment. Indian community have higher eagerness toward technology aspects specially for household purchase , also one of the studies said that Car market has began specific target towards Indian consumer due to there high tech power consumer attitude and affording capacity. In UK, most of Indian community gives first preference to buy Mercedes rather than any other car due to its royal status, which similar concept previous back in India. As India is becoming a global hub for IT, greater increase in Internet User and IT becoming a way to cheaper communication to India most of the Indian prefer to buy computer or high tech things to get connected. According to The Guardian majority of Indian were more likely to have own mobiles phone, dvd, household durables, internet at home than white population in UK. Ref 32,33 Lifestyle Lifestyle segments are measured through the use of A.I.O. (Activities, Interests, and Opinions) rating statements. It measures peoples activities in terms of how they live their lives; their interests on what is important to the consumer; their opinions on themselves and social/cultural issues; as well as demographic descriptors such as age, education, income, etc. Ref 36 (Plummer, 1974) Ref 11 (Brassington and Pettitt, 2003). Table 1.1 lists elements,